Medical ketogenic diet for metabolic and mental health

Epilepsy and ketogenic diet

Our epilepsy and keto research summary article in Psychology Today

• Neal EG, Chaffe H, Schwartz RH, et al. The ketogenic diet for the treatment of childhood epilepsy: a randomized controlled trial. Lancet Neurology 2008; 7:500–506. [Article] [PubMed]
• Freeman JM, Vining EPG, Kossoff EH, et al. A blinded, crossover study of the ketogenic diet. Epilepsia 2009; 50:322–325.
• Martin K, Jackson CF, Levy RG, Cooper PN. Ketogenic diet and other dietary treatments for epilepsy. Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews 2016, Issue 2. Art. No.: CD001903. DOI: 10.1002/14651858.CD001903.pub3.
•  Bough, K. J. and Rho, J. M. (2007), Anticonvulsant Mechanisms of the Ketogenic Diet. Epilepsia, 48: 43-58. doi:10.1111/j.1528-1167.2007.00915.x

Schizophrenia and ketogenic diet –

• Sarnyai Z, Kraeuter AK, Palmer CM. Ketogenic diet for schizophrenia: clinical implication. Current Opinion in Psychiatry.  2019 Jun 11. doi: 10.1097/YCO.0000000000000535. Epub ahead of print [PubMed]
• Palmer C, Javier T, Westman C. The ketogenic diet and remission of psychotic symptoms in schizophrenia: Two case studies. Schizophrenia Research 2019; April 6 
• Pacheco et al.  A pilot study of the ketogenic diet in schizophrenia. Am J Psychiatry 1965, 121:1110-1111. [Article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
• Kraft and Westman. Schizophrenia, gluten, and low-carbohydrate, ketogenic diets: a case report and review of the literature. Nutrition & Metabolism 2009, 6:10 [Article] [Google Scholar]
• Kraeuter, A.K., Loxton, H., Lima, B.C., Rudd, D., Sarnyai, Z., 2015. Ketogenic diet reverses behavioral abnormalities in an acute NMDA receptor hypofunction model of schizophrenia. Schizophr Res. 169, 491-493. [Abstract] [Google Scholar]

Bipolar Illness and ketogenic diet

• Yaroslovsky et al. Ketogenic Diet in Bipolar Illness. Bipolar Disorders 2002: 4: 75
• Phelps et al.  The ketogenic diet for type II bipolar disorder. Neurocase, 2013;19(5):423-6 [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
• Coello K, Vinberg M, Knop FK, et al. Metabolic profile in patients with newly diagnosed bipolar disorder and their unaffected first‑degree relatives [published online April 2, 2019]. Int J Bipolar Disord. doi:10.1186/s40345-019-0142-3

Weight loss and Type 2 Diabetes and ketogenic diet –

• Abbasi J. Interest in the Ketogenic Diet Grows for Weight Loss and Type 2 Diabetes. JAMA. 2018;319(3):215–217
• Bueno, N., De Melo, I., De Oliveira, S., & Da Rocha Ataide, T. (2013). Very-low-carbohydrate ketogenic diet v. low-fat diet for long-term weight loss: A meta-analysis of randomised controlled trials. British Journal of Nutrition, 110(7), 1178-1187.
• Ebbeling CB, Swain JF, Feldman HA, Wong WW, Hachey DL, Garcia-Lago E, Ludwig DS. Effects of Dietary Composition on Energy Expenditure During Weight-Loss Maintenance. JAMA. 2012;307(24):2627–2634. doi:10.1001/jama.2012.6607 [PubMed]
• Saslow, L, Daubenmier, J, Moskowitz, J, Kim, S, Murphy, E, Phinney, S, Ploutz-Snyder, R, Goldman, V, Cox, R, Mason, A, Moran, P, Hecht, F. (2017). Twelve-month outcomes of a randomized trial of a moderate-carbohydrate versus very low-carbohydrate diet in overweight adults with type 2 diabetes mellitus or prediabetes. Nutrition & Diabetes. 7. 10.1038/s41387-017-0006-9.
• Snorgaard O, Poulsen GM, Andersen HK, et al. Systematic review and meta-analysis of dietary carbohydrate restriction in patients with type 2 diabetes. BMJ Open Diabetes Research and Care. 2017; 5:e000354. doi: 10.1136/bmjdrc-2016-000354 [PubMed]
• Tobias, Deirdre K et al. Effect of low-fat diet interventions versus other diet interventions on long-term weight change in adults: a systematic review and meta-analysis. 2015. The Lancet Diabetes & Endocrinology , Volume 3 , Issue 12 , 968 – 979 [Article]

Inflammation and longevity and the ketogenic diet

• Dupuis N, Curatolo N, Benoist JF, Auvin S. Ketogenic diet exhibits anti-inflammatory properties. Epilepsia 2015; 56:e95–e98.
• Roberts MN, Wallace MA, Tomilov AA, et al. A Ketogenic Diet Extends Longevity and Healthspan in Adult Mice. Cell Metab. 2017 Sep 5;26(3):539-546.e5

Cardiovascular disease and safety

• Dehghan M, Mente A, Zhang X, et al. Associations of fats and carbohydrate intake with cardiovascular disease and mortality in 18 countries from five continents (PURE): a prospective cohort study. Lancet. 2017 Aug 28 doi: 10.1016/S0140-6736(17)32252-3
• Samaha FF, Iqbal N, Seshadri P, Chicano KL, Daily DA, McGrory J, et al. A low-carbohydrate as compared with a low-fat diet in severe obesity. N Engl J Med (2003) 348(21):2074–81.

Useful overviews of low carb and ketogenic research –

• Diet Doctor: The Science of low carb and keto
• Virta Health: A comprehensive list of low-carb research. 2018, January 31.
• Public Health Collaboration UK: Randomised controlled trials comparing low-carb diets to low-fat diets